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On the Civil Side
A Guide to Energy Dissipaters
By Petre J.Mason
This article is the first a series sharing practical information and insights about civil design and engineering.
We are used to thinking of installed hydropower capacity in terms of meters per second (cms).We sometimes forget the degree of energy dissipation associated with these discharges, which can be extreme. For example, at Mangla Dam in Pakistan, the installed hydropower capacity is 1,000MW, whereas the peak flood outflow energy dissipation requirement is approximately 25,000MW!
Designing civil structures to accommodate this energy both safely and economically is achievable, but requires the right concepts and experienced attention to detail. Spillway works may cost more than the main dam wall or embankment. Many spillway and stilling basins have required extensive repair, even though the vast majority has never been subjected to design flows. Design guidelines are often based on theoretical hydraulics rather than practical arrangements. In this article, I share several tested, practical design concepts for spillways and stilling basins.
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