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教学楼设计：玻璃幕墙外立面，大跨度的无柱空间

发布于：2022-07-18 13:09:18 来自：建筑结构/钢结构工程 0 38

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Echo 是一栋能产生能量的跨学科建筑，提供种类繁多的教学室，以迎合大学教学方法和学习方式的多样性。作为代尔夫特理工大学最可持续的建筑，Echo 正在为该大学的雄心做出贡献，即到 2030 年运营一个完全可持续的校园。

Echo is an energy-generating interfaculty building that offers a wide variety of teaching rooms to cater to the diversity of teaching methods and study styles at the university. As the most sustainable building at the TU Delft, Echo is contributing to the university’s ambitions to operate a fully sustainable campus by 2030.

在Echo项目中，UNStudio与Arup和BBN合作，创造了一个完全支持不同教育类型和教学方法的设计，一个以适应性和用户的福祉为中心的能源产生的建筑。

For Echo, UNStudio, in collaboration with Arup and BBN, created a design that fully supports different educational typologies and teaching methods with an energy-generating building in which adaptability and the wellbeing of the user are central.

一个健康的校园建筑——为了人类和地球。

1200 块太阳能电池板、智能装置、良好的绝缘性以及冷热储存系统确保 Echo 能够提供超过其日常运营所需的能源。这包括与用户相关的能源，例如笔记本电脑的用电量、照明和餐饮。大楼中使用的 90% 的家具也被重复使用。

A healthy campus building – for people and the planet. 1200 solar panels, smart installations, good insulation, and a heat and cold storage system ensure that Echo will be able to provide more energy than it requires for its daily operations. This includes user-related energy, such as electricity consumption for laptops, lighting, and catering. 90% of the furniture used in the building has also been reused.

透明度对Echo的设计至关重要。它不仅确保了建筑内最大限度的日光（众所周知，日光对用户的健康有好处，而且也减少了对人工照明的需求），它还创造了一个与更广泛的校园和周围自然的视觉联系。因此，避免了用户的封闭式 "机构 "体验，而建筑的开放性和公共性连接了校园的两边，为教师和学生提供了一个明亮、振奋和欢迎的环境。

Transparency was essential to the design of Echo. It not only ensures maximum daylight inside the building (known to have health benefits for the users, but also reduces the need for artificial lighting), it also creates a visual connection to the wider campus and to surrounding nature. As such, a closed-in, ‘institutional’ experience for the users is avoided, while the open and public character of the building connects the two sides of the campus and provides a bright, uplifting, and welcoming environment for faculty and students alike.

然而，为了避免热量增加，防止过多的阳光穿透也很重要。结合防晒和玻璃的低太阳穿透系数可防止建筑物过热。此外，深水平的铝制遮阳篷可防止过多的太阳热量。这些檐篷通过电缆相互连接，攀援植物沿着这些电缆形成一个微妙的绿色立面，过滤日光。

However, to avoid heat gain, it is also essential to prevent excess sunlight penetration. Overheating of the building is prevented by a combination of sun protection and the low solar penetration factor of the glass. In addition, the deep horizontal aluminum awnings keep out excess solar heat. These canopies are interconnected by cables along which climbing plants form a subtle green facade that filters daylight.

为了确保建筑内空气的清洁，在空心板上方安装了一个羽绒地板。在这里，新鲜空气从地板上被抽上来，而不是从上面下来，从而避免了房间内的循环。如果将来房间的布局发生变化，这个系统的通风口和计算机地板的安装可以很容易地重新定位。

To ensure clean air in the building, a plenum floor is installed above hollow-core slabs. Here fresh air is pumped up from the floor, rather than down from above, thus avoiding circulation around the room. The vents for this system, along with the computer floor installation, can easily be relocated, should the layouts of the rooms change in the future.

建筑师不仅非常关注建筑中使用的材料对环境的影响，而且尽可能地根据圆形原则设计建筑。使用大网格尺寸的大型门户结构，柱子沿着建筑的边缘运行，创造了大跨度的无柱空间。钢桁架有标准的尺寸，可以拆卸，以便在建筑使用寿命之后可以在其他地方重复使用。空心板将来还可以重复使用。

Not only has a great deal of attention been paid to the environmental impact of the materials used in the construction, but the building has been designed as much as possible according to principles of circularity. Using large portal constructions with large grid sizes, the columns run along the edge of the building, creating column-free spaces with large spans. The steel trusses have standard sizes and can be dismantled so that they can be reused elsewhere after the lifespan of the building. The hollow-core slabs can also be reused in the future.

一个激发运动和协作的建筑。

Echo 是一座具有多功能空间的教育建筑，超越了当前的学习环境。该设计支持“Everything Anywhere”的当代文化，中间空间也非常重要，并刺激了身体运动。因此，Echo 也为非结构化时间提供了空间：各种反思、灵感和交流的平台。

A building that stimulates movement and collaboration. Echo is an education building with multifunctional spaces that transcends current learning environments. The design supports the contemporary culture of 'Everything Anywhere', where the in-between spaces are also of great importance and physical movement is stimulated. Echo therefore also provides space for unstructured time: a variety of platforms for reflection, inspiration, and communication.

在特定位置，竹肋沿着天花板延伸，形成了设计的一个组成部分。竹子的精巧外观和感觉在中央楼梯周围延伸，以一种姿态将学习和合作空间连接成一个学习、协作和联系的连接世界。这个位于中央的“大楼梯”促进和促进了建筑物内的身体运动，从而有助于学生、研究人员和教师等人的健康。

At specific positions, bamboo ribs extend along the ceiling, forming an integral part of the design. The crafted look and feel of the bamboo are extended around the central staircase, that in one gesture joins the study and cooperation spaces into one connected world of learning, collaboration, and connection. This centrally positioned 'grand stair' facilitates and promotes physical movement through the building and thus contributes to the health of students, researchers, and teachers alike.

二楼的办公空间采用了模块化的墙体系统，允许将来改变布局。如果将来有功能改变的需求，这些办公空间可以在最小的干扰下变成教学空间。

A modular wall system has been used in the office spaces on the second floor, allowing for future changes to the layout. Should there be demand for functional change in the future, these office spaces can be turned into didactic spaces with minimum interruption.

一个面向未来的校园是一个活跃的校园。这就是为什么Echo不仅与周围的公共空间相连接，而且还定义了它。旁边的广场继续穿过透明的建筑底层，与另一侧的街道相连，将Echo的底层变成一个有盖的公共广场和公共连接器，使无形的学习世界成为可见的、有吸引力的体验。

A future-proof campus is an active campus. That is why Echo not only connects with the surrounding public space, it also defines it. The adjacent square continues through the transparent ground floor of the building and connects with the street on the other side, turning the ground floor of Echo into a covered public square and a public connector that makes the invisible world of learning a visible and engaging experience.

两个雕塑般的体量(700人的大报告厅和辩论空间)引导着人们穿过这个有屋顶的广场。这些体量的对角线方向同时定义了两个大的透明角落，一个容纳了一个餐厅，与D: Dreamhall相对的露台，另一个是一个大型的研究景观。

Two sculptural volumes (the large 700-person lecture hall and the debate space), direct the flow of people across this covered square. The diagonal orientation of these volumes simultaneously defines two large transparent corners, one housing a restaurant with a terrace opposite the D: Dreamhall, and the other a large study landscape.

面向未来：各种灵活的教学室。8,844平方米的Echo大楼通过演讲室、教室和各种学习空间为大约1700名学生提供了演讲和辅导、小组工作、项目教学、辩论和自学的空间。

Future-proof: a wide variety of flexible teaching rooms. The 8,844 m2 Echo building provides space for lectures and tutorials, group work, project-based teaching, debates, and self-study for around 1,700 students by way of the lecture rooms, classrooms, and a variety of study spaces.

Echo共设有七间教学室，大部分布局灵活。位于一楼的最大演讲室可容纳700人，可在15分钟内分成三个独立的房间。这使得多个讲座或活动可以同时进行，并实现了空间的最大规划。

Echo houses a total of seven teaching rooms, most with a flexible layout. The largest lecture room on the ground floor, which can accommodate 700 people, can be divided into three separate rooms in 15 minutes. This enables multiple lectures or events to take place simultaneously and enables maximum programming of the space.

第一层的混合教学空间也使用了类似的可移动墙体系统，因此在需要时可以将其分成两个教室，每个教室144个座位。整个建筑内有300多个学习空间，可用于小组工作和自学。

A similar movable wall system is used in the mixed didactic space on the first level so that this can be divided into two classrooms of 144 places each when required. The more than 300 study spaces throughout the building can be used for group work and self-study.

各种教学室都是根据讲师和学生的当前和未来需求设计的。在Echo，重点是中型和大型教学室，可容纳150至700人。除了这些较大的房间外，还有一个案例研究室，特别适合于激励性教学/讲师和学生之间的互动。此外，还有四间用于项目教学的水平室，每间可容纳近70人。

The various teaching rooms have been designed based on the current and future needs of the lecturers and students. In Echo, the focus is on medium-sized and large teaching rooms, accommodating between 150 and 700 people. In addition to these larger rooms, there is also a case-study room that is particularly suitable for motivational teaching/interaction between lecturers and students. In addition, there are four level rooms for project-based teaching, each accommodating almost 70 people.

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